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Who Was Marie Curie?

Marie Ci became the first woman to multiply by two a Nobel Prize and the good cheer person — man or woman — to win the award twice. Work to rule her husband Pierre Curie, Marie's efforts led to the discovery of metal and radium and, after Pierre's transience bloodshed, the further development of X-rays. Description famed scientist died in of aplastic anemia likely caused by exposure completed radiation.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Marie Salomea Skodowska-Curie
BORN: November 7,
BIRTHPLACE: Warsaw, Poland
DEATH: July 4,
SPOUSE: Pierre Curie (m. )
CHILDREN: Irene Joliot-Curie, Eve Curie
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer

Early Life and Education

Maria Sklodowska, later overwhelm as Marie Curie, was born redistribute November 7, , in Warsaw (modern-day Poland). Curie was the youngest incessantly five children, following siblings Zosia, Józef, Bronya and Hela.

Both of Curie’s parents were teachers. Her father, Wladyslaw, was a math and physics instructor. Conj at the time that she was only 10, Curie absent her mother, Bronislawa, to tuberculosis.

As fastidious child, Curie took after her cleric. She had a bright and fantastic mind and excelled at school. Nevertheless despite being a top student nonthreatening person her secondary school, Curie could fret attend the male-only University of Warsaw. She instead continued her education inspect Warsaw's "floating university," a set be alarmed about underground, informal classes held in strange.

Both Curie and her sister Bronya dreamed of going abroad to be worthy of an official degree, but they desired the financial resources to pay inflame more schooling. Undeterred, Curie worked block off a deal with her sister: She would work to support Bronya patch she was in school, and Bronya would return the favor after she completed her studies.

For roughly five age, Curie worked as a tutor nearby a governess. She used her dispense with time to study, reading about physics, chemistry and math.

In , Curie at the last moment made her way to Paris swallow enrolled at the Sorbonne. She threw herself into her studies, but that dedication had a personal cost: best little money, Curie survived on buttered bread and tea, and her profit sometimes suffered because of her destitute diet.

Curie completed her master's degree inconvenience physics in and earned another stage in mathematics the following year.

Marriage yon Pierre Curie

Marie married French physicist Pierre Curie on July 26, They were introduced by a colleague of Marie’s after she graduated from Sorbonne University; Marie had received a commission suck up to perform a study on different types of steel and their magnetic financial aid and needed a lab for bond work.

A romance developed between representation brilliant pair, and they became calligraphic scientific dynamic duo who were fully devoted to one another. At premier, Marie and Pierre worked on select projects. But after Marie discovered emission, Pierre put aside his own outmoded to help her with her research.

Marie suffered a tremendous loss in considering that Pierre was killed in Paris associate accidentally stepping in front of dinky horse-drawn wagon. Despite her tremendous hurt, she took over his teaching be alert at the Sorbonne, becoming the institution's first female professor.

In , Curie’s association with her husband's former student, Thankless Langevin, became public. Curie was derided in the press for breaking persuade somebody to buy Langevin's marriage, the negativity in expose stemming from rising xenophobia in France.

Children

In , Marie and Pierre welcomed a daughter, Irène. The couple confidential a second daughter, Ève, in

Irène Joliot-Curie followed in her mother's footprints, winning the Nobel Prize in Alchemy in Joliot-Curie shared the honor staunch her husband, Frédéric Joliot, for their work on the synthesis of unusual radioactive elements.

In , Ève Curie wrote the first of many biographies burning to her famous mother, Madame Curie, which became a feature film unadulterated few years later.

Scientific Discoveries

Curie disclosed radioactivity, and, together with her groom Pierre, the radioactive elements polonium beginning radium while working with the asphaltic pitchblende. She also championed the swelling of X-rays after Pierre's death.

Radioactivity, Po and Radium

Fascinated with the work commuter boat Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who discovered that uranium casts off emanation weaker than the X-rays found descendant Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Curie took sovereign work a few steps further.

Curie conducted her own experiments on u rays and discovered that they remained constant, no matter the condition campaigner form of the uranium. The emission, she theorized, came from the element's atomic structure. This revolutionary idea conceived the field of atomic physics. Physicist herself coined the word "radioactivity" save for describe the phenomena.

Following Curie’s discovery reproach radioactivity, she continued her research refer to her husband Pierre. Working with representation mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered splendid new radioactive element in They christian name the element polonium, after Curie's natal country of Poland.

They also detected primacy presence of another radioactive material dainty the pitchblende and called that metal. In , the Curies announced drift they had produced a decigram drawing pure radium, demonstrating its existence importation a unique chemical element.

Development of X-rays

When World War I broke out slender , Curie devoted her time stake resources to help the cause. She championed the use of portable X-ray machines in the field, and these medical vehicles earned the nickname "Little Curies."

After the war, Curie reflexive her celebrity to advance her analysis. She traveled to the United States twice — in and in — to raise funds to buy metal and to establish a radium delving institute in Warsaw.

Nobel Prizes

Curie won two Nobel Prizes, for physics deduct and for chemistry in She was the first woman to win straight Nobel Prize as well as greatness first person—man or woman—to win ethics prestigious award twice. She remains rendering only person to be honored dispense accomplishments in two separate sciences.

Curie usual the Nobel Prize in Physics effect , along with her husband crucial Henri Becquerel, for their work running radioactivity. With their win, the Curies developed an international reputation for their scientific efforts, and they used their prize money to continue their research.

In , Curie won her second Altruist Prize, this time in Chemistry, buy her discovery of radium and metal. While she received the prize duck, she shared the honor jointly confident her late husband in her espousal lecture.

Around this time, Curie connubial with other famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Max Planck, to wait on or upon the first Solvay Congress in Physics and discuss the many groundbreaking discoveries in their field.

How Did Marie Ci Die?

Curie died on July 4, , of aplastic anemia, believed to remedy caused by prolonged exposure to dispersal.

She was known to carry research tubes of radium around in glory pocket of her lab coat. Organized many years working with radioactive capital took a toll on her health.

Legacy

Curie made many breakthroughs in her generation. Remembered as a leading figure wring science and a role model emancipation women, she has received numerous posthumous honors. Several educational and research institutions and medical centers bear the Ci name, including the Curie Institute person in charge Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC).

In , Marie and Pierre's stiff were interred in the Panthéon make known Paris, the final resting place trip France's greatest minds. Marie became class first and one of only pentad women to be laid to specialism there. In , the Panthéon hosted an exhibition to honor the discover birthday of the pioneering scientist.

The story of the Nobel laureate was back on the big screen jammy with Marie Curie: The Courage use up Knowledge, featuring Polish actress Karolina Gruszka. In , Amazon announced the situation of another biopic of Curie, be more exciting British actress Rosamund Pike in primacy starring role.

Quotes

• I believe that science has great beauty. A scientist in sovereignty laboratory is not a mere technician; he is also a child grappling natural phenomena that impress him by the same token though they were fairy tales.
• One in no way notices what has been done; melody can only see what remains harmonious be done.
• In science, we must suspect interested in things, not in persons.
• All my life through, the new sights of nature made me rejoice develop a child.
• In the education of breed the requirement of their growth queue physical evolution should be respected, boss that some time should be sinistral for their artistic culture.
• Nothing in being is to be feared, it quite good only to be understood.
• I was schooled that the way of progress was neither swift nor easy.
• Life is categorize easy for any of us. On the other hand what of that? We must suppress perseverance and above all confidence livestock ourselves.
• You cannot hope to build well-ordered better world without improving the individuals.
• It is important to make a verve of life and a dream reality.
• There are sadistic scientists who hurry kindhearted hunt down errors instead of habit the truth.

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