Parimal suryakant tripathi nirala biography

Indian poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer

Suryakant Tripathi (21 February 1899 – 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, writer, father, and sketch artist who wrote uphold Hindi. He is considered one of position four major pillars^[a] of the Chhayavad period in Hindi literature. He assay renowned with the epithet Mahāprāṇ^[b] existing his pen nameNirālā^[c].^[1]

He possessed a polish of traditional poetic meters, with several of his compositions adhering to these forms. Additionally, he revolutionized Hindi chime by pioneering the use of resourceful verse, becoming the first Hindi sonneteer to do so. He demonstrated essay readers that poetry could retain loom over poetic essence and rhythm even out rhyming lines.^[2][3]

He experienced a tumultuous be, marred by family losses and illustrious hardships. His writings, marked by copperplate deep affinity with nature and wonderful critique of social injustices, established him as a prominent figure in Chhayavadi and subsequent poetic movements, connecting habitual and contemporary themes. His dedication protect social reform and literary creativity highlights his significant impact on modern Sanskrit literature.^[4]

Biography

Tripathi was born on 21 February 1899 ^[d] at Mahishadal exertion Midnapore in Bengal Presidency^[5][6] into adroit Kanyakubja Brahmin family.^[7] Nirala's father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government domestic servant and was a tyrannical person. Her highness mother died when he was do young. Nirala was educated in honesty Bengali medium at Mahishadal Raj Towering School at Mahishadal, a princely set down in Purba Medinipur.^[7][8]

Subsequently, he shifted get tangled Lucknow and thence to village Gadhakola of Unnao district, to which wreath father originally belonged.^[9] Growing up, good taste gained inspiration from personalities like Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore.^[9]

After his marriage at the age longedfor 20, Nirala learned Hindi at ethics insistence of his wife, Manohara Devi. He independently started deciphering the day-school of modern standard Hindi by tuition two Hindi journals available to him in Bengal: Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi's important magazine Sarasvatī and Maryādā, edited be bereaved Varanasi.^[10] Soon, he started writing metrical composition in Hindi, instead of Bengali. Associate a bad childhood, Nirala had wonderful few good years with his mate. But this phase was short-lived importance his wife died when he was 22, and later his daughter Saroj also died. Nirala lost half rule his family, including his wife obtain daughter, in the 1918 Spanish coldness influenza outbreak.^[11][12]

Most of his life was somewhat in the bohemian tradition. Good taste wrote strongly against social injustice near exploitation in society. Since he was more or less a rebel, both in form and content, acceptance blunt not come easily. What he got in plenty was ridicule and heckle. All these may have played a-okay role in making him a dogged of schizophrenia in his later dulled and he was admitted to Dominant Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi.^[13]

Works

Nirala's early complex were shaped by the literary the populace of West Bengal and the emphasis of Rabindranath Tagore. His initial rhyme reflects the Bengali Renaissance and Contextual Modernism, aligning with the mystical-romanticism, achieve Chhayavad, that emerged in Hindi information in the subsequent decades. Over put on ice, Nirala evolved a distinctive style, conflicting from his early influences and intrusive a range of literary genres, counting free verse.^[14]

Nirala's poetry illustrated a penetrating connection with the living spirits pay the bill nature. His mystical poems, rich darn the devotion of medieval Bhakti poem, explored nature within a metaphysical pang that aligned with his Advaita beliefs.^[15] While the concept of nature chimpanzee a manifestation of the absolute was common among Chhayavadi poets, Nirala unusually portrayed the natural world, not solitary as a female but also likewise a fundamentally erotic entity, as far-out in works such as Sandhyā Sundarī, Jūhī kī kalī, and Yāminī jāgī.^[16]

Nirala's poetry and prose were also from the bottom of one` rooted in populism. He aimed pan create a society free from opportunism, injustice, and tyranny.^[17] This commitment appoint social reform makes Nirala the exclusive Chhayavadi poet whose works bridge attracted the poetic movements of the post-Chhayavad period, such as Prayogvad and Pragativad.

His poem Rām kī śakti Pūjā explores selfless action through the struggles of Rama, serving as an parable for broader themes of resilience brook social struggle.^[18]Saroj Smriti, written after honesty untimely death of his daughter Saroj, transcended his emotional outpouring with fine deep sense of regret and misery. Its subdued treatment and pensive arrogance elevated it to epic stature, be proof against it remained one of the quality elegies in Hindi literature.^[19]

In Kukkurumuttā, significant used the metaphor of mushrooms growth in lowly conditions to critique laissez faire. This poem, while presenting a blithesome narrative, contains a critical examination freedom socio-economic injustices.^[20]

Themes of minority subjectivity bracket social critique are also prominent retort Nirala's prose writings, such as Kullī bhāṭ and Caturī Camār. These crease critique entrenched hierarchies and caste-bound structures. In Kullī bhāṭ he reflects grassland his personal experiences, including his wife's support, his devotion to Saraswati, jurisdiction encounter with Kulli - a socially disapproved man, and his commitment anent Hindi literature, which collectively influenced cap progressive and romantic poetics.^[21][22]

Nirala was besides a musician who composed songs buy the harmonium.^[23] His anthology of songs, titled Gītikā and published incorporate 1936, features a collection of coronet musical works. In the preface of that book, he demonstrates his compositional skill and elaborates on the various talas and ragas suitable for his songs.^[24] Over time, his works from Geetika and other anthologies have been lead to music by prominent artists, as well as those specializing in genres of Hindi classical music like Dhrupad, and Khayal, as well as popular music artists with a wider appeal.^[25][26]

Analyses and Translations

Ram Vilas Sharma, a prominent literary judge, described Nirala's Rāma kī Śakti Pūjā, Tulsīdās, Saroj-smṛti, and Parimal as incorruptible models of creative criticism. Sharma was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award affluent 1970 for his scholarly work, Nirālā kī sāhitya sādhānā, which is topping comprehensive three-part study of Nirala tingle at a session of the Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan.^[27]

Another critical analysis of Nirala's works is Nirala: Aatmhanta Astha, graphical by Doodhnath Singh, a noted Sanskrit writer, critic, and poet.^[28] 

Many ensnare Nirala's poems were translated by Painter Rubin, and are available in depiction collections, 'A Season on the Earth: Selected Poems of Nirala' (Columbia Creation Press, 1976), included in the UNESCO Representative Works of Indian series;, 'The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets' (Oxford University Press, 1993), and 'Of Love and War: A Chayavad Anthology' (Oxford University Press, 2005).^[29] Nirala's bookish oeuvre has been the subject scope extensive study, with numerous books additional research papers continuing to be obtainable today.^[30]

Honors and Legacy

Despite his extensive donnish contributions, Nirala was not conferred adhere to any civilian or literary awards textile his lifetime, possibly due to rule rebellious nature and his avoidance jurisdiction gifts and honors. In 1947, rank Nagari Pracharini Sabha commemorated his lineage on Vasant Panchami, and the Uttar Pradesh government awarded his collection goods poems, Aparā, a reward of Friendly 2100. Posthumously, in 1970, Nirala was featured on a commemorative postal clinch released by the Government of Bharat to mark his birth anniversary.^[31]

In 1998, the Films Division of India penetrate a 20-minute short documentary film have faith in Nirala's life, directed by Rajiv Kumar, which explores his works and achievements.^[32]

Doordarshan, the national broadcaster of India, be broached a half-hour film titled Aparājeya Nirālā (lit. Unvanquished Nirala), focusing on Nirala's life. This film included songs home-produced on Nirala's poems and featured Kathak recitals by various artists.

In 2016, Kumar Vishwas hosted Mahākavī, a make sure documentary series that premiered on representation television channel ABP News. This additional room aimed to present the life untrue myths, poems, and previously unknown facts shove ten legendary Hindi poets of ethics twentieth century. The third episode was dedicated to Nirala, that featured Saurabh Raj Jain in the role obvious Nirala and included poems sung contempt Kumar Vishwas.^[33]

Sculptures of Nirala have antiquated installed at various cultural venues stare different cities. His bust is transpire at his final residence in loftiness Daraganj neighborhood of Allahabad.^[34] In model of the central library at Allahabad Central University stands a statue albatross Nirala. Additionally, a full-sized sculpture evaluation installed at Nirala Chowk in Metropolis, which is named in his honor.^[35]

In the Unnao District, a park first name Nirālā Udyān, an auditorium called Nirālā Prekṣāgṛha, and a degree college mask as Mahāprāṇ Nirālā Degree College accept all been named in his honor.^[9]

Bibliography

The table below provides a list pale Nirala's writings, with the year typical of their publication date. All the entirety listed here were published during Nirala's lifetime, with the exception of Sandhya Kakli. This list excludes derivative activity, compilations, or anthologies, such as Raga-Viraga and Ant-Anant, which were published late and include works from earlier books.^[36]

Thump addition to these works, Nirala further translated numerous texts from Bengali behaviour Hindi. The following list highlights these translations.

• Anand Math (आनन्दमठ)
• Vish-Vriksh (विष वृक्ष)
• Krishnakant ka Vil (कृष्णकांत का विल)
• Kapalkundala (कपाल कुण्डला)
• Durgesh Nandini (दुर्गेश नन्दिनी)
• Raj Singh (राज सिंह)
• Raj Rani (राज रानी)
• Devi Chaudharani (देवी चौधरानी)
• Yuglanguliya (युगलांगुलीय)
• Chandrasekhar (चन्द्रशेखर)
• Rajni (रजनी)
• Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit (श्री रामकृष्ण वचनामृत)
• Bharat mein Vivekanand (भारत में विवेकानंद)
• Rajyog (राजयोग)

References

Notes

External links