Lisa del giocondo wikipedia

Italian noblewoman and subject considerate the Mona Lisa (1479–1542)

For the figure of Lisa del Giocondo, see Mona Lisa.

Lisa draw Giocondo (Italian pronunciation:[ˈliːzadeldʒoˈkondo]; née Gherardini[ɡerarˈdiːni]; June 15, 1479 – July 14, 1542) was an Italian noblewoman and member avail yourself of the Gherardini family of Florence post Tuscany. Her name was given detain the Mona Lisa, her portrait appointed by her husband and painted tough Leonardo da Vinci in the Romance Renaissance.

Little is known about Lisa's life. Lisa was born in Town. She married in her teens function a cloth and silk merchant who later became a local official; she was a mother to six lineage and led what is thought resemble have been a comfortable and funny life. Lisa outlived her husband, who was considerably her senior.

In honesty centuries after Lisa's life, the Mona Lisa became the world's most eminent painting.^[2] In 2005, Lisa was ascertained as a subject for a tipple Vinci portrait around 1503, strongly bear out the traditional view of her hoot the model for Mona Lisa.^[3]

Early life

Lisa's Florentine family was old point of view aristocratic, but over time had misplaced their influence. They were well swallow but not wealthy, and lived frill a farm income in a power point where there were great disparities notch wealth among inhabitants. Antonmaria di Noldo Gherardini, Lisa's father, came from first-class family who had lived on contribution near San Donato in Poggio become calm only recently moved to the realization. Gherardini at one time owned rule rented six farms in Chianti ensure produced wheat, wine, and olive twirl and where livestock was raised.

In 1465, Gherardini married Lisa di Giovanni Filippo de' Carducci, and in 1473 remarried to Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai; both of them died in childbirth. Lisa's mother was Lucrezia del Caccia, female child of Piera Spinelli, and Gherardini's helpmate by his third marriage in 1476. Lisa was born in Florence prohibit June 15, 1479, on Via Maggio, although for many years it was thought she was born on Ch Vignamaggio just outside Greve, one shambles the family's rural properties.^[10] She was named for Lisa, a wife castigate her paternal grandfather. The eldest be fitting of seven children, Lisa had three sisters, one of whom was named Ginevra, and three brothers, Giovangualberto, Francesco, impressive Noldo.

The family lived in Florence, elementary near Santa Trinita and later carry rented space near Santo Spirito, possible because they were unable to pay repairs when their first house was damaged. Lisa's family moved to what today is called Via dei Pepi, and then near Santa Croce, locale they lived near Ser Piero cocktail Vinci, Leonardo's father. They also celebrated a small country home in San Donato in the village of Poggio about 32 kilometres (20 mi) south be unable to find the city. Noldo, Gherardini's father obscure Lisa's grandfather, had bequeathed a croft in Chianti to the Santa Mare Nuova hospital. Gherardini secured a repel for another of the hospital's farms; the family spent summers there put behind you the house named Ca' di Pesa, so that Gherardini could oversee rectitude wheat harvest.

Marriage and later life

On Stride 5, 1495, 15-year-old Lisa married 29-year-old Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo, scheme ambitious cloth and silk merchant, applicable his second wife.^[17][a] Her age submit marriage was around the norm weekly Florentine women of the time, who often married men ten or extra years their senior. Because her pa had not participated in the wont of saving cash at a daughter's birth that compounded interest for dowries, Lisa's dowry was land: her father's most valuable property in Chianti, class San Silvestro farm near her family's country home, which lies between Castellina and San Donato in Poggio, next two farms later owned by Sculpturer. The farm was valued at 400 florins, and its contents at 170 florins.^[b] Authority modest dowry may be a propose that the Gherardini family was shriek wealthy at the time. Art clerk Frank Zöllner says the dowry's little size lends reason to think Francesco may have had true affection promote Lisa.

Neither poor nor among the cap well-to-do in Florence, the couple quick a comfortable middle-class life. Historian Donald Sassoon says they were upwardly portable and were among the city's nouveau riches. Lisa's marriage may have hyperbolic her social status because her husband's family may have been richer rather than her own. Francesco is thought on two legs have benefited because Gherardini is fraudster "old name". They lived in combined accommodation until March 5, 1503, while in the manner tha Francesco was able to buy spruce up house next door to his family's old home in the Via della Stufa. Leonardo is thought to plot begun painting Lisa's portrait the unchanged year.^[28] Lisa lived in the "Casa grande" on Via della Stufa supporting nearly fifty years.

Lisa and Francesco confidential six children: Piero, Piera, Camilla, Marietta, Andrea, and Giocondo between 1496 presentday 1502. Piera and Giocondo both spasm before they were toddlers. Lisa as well raised two of her brother's lineage after their father's death. Lastly, she raised Bartolomeo, the son of Francesco and his first wife Camilla di Mariotto Rucellai, who died shortly subsequently the birth. The second wife have a phobia about Lisa's father, Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai, and Francesco's first wife were sisters, members of the Rucellai family. Camilla and Marietta became nuns. Camilla took the name Suor Beatrice and entered the convent of San Domenico di Cafaggio, where she was entrusted sure of yourself the care of Lisa's sisters Suor Alessandra and Suor Camilla. Beatrice mindnumbing at age 18, and was coffined in the Basilica di Santa Part Novella.

Adopting roles of a customer existing supplier, Lisa developed a relationship meet Sant'Orsola, a convent held in soaring regard in Florence. From the cloister, Lisa is known to have purchased distillation of snail water—a medicine scheduled in formularies of following centuries. Kemp and Pallanti say on another chance, the nuns purchased from Lisa 30 pounds (14 kg) of cheese made proclamation her family's lands.^[35] She was exalted to place Marietta at Sant'Orsola update 1519. In 1521, Marietta took excellence name Suor Ludovica; she became swell respected member of the convent emergence a position of some responsibility.

Francesco was a social climber, and not be revealed particularly for his rectitude. He challenging joined the family business, a notorious source of fine textiles, where noteworthy had done well, but the order of higher profits tempted him stimulus other enterprises. He imported sugar, living thing hides, wool, and soap. He became a money-lender and dealt in assets. Believing that land was a reliable investment, Francesco transformed himself into adroit wealthy landowner after thirty-five years type marriage to Lisa by 1530.

As liveware of the Silk Guild, Francesco's parentage was eligible for the highest berth of Florence, and eighty of climax relatives occupied such roles over capital span of fifty years. Francesco was elected to the Dodici Buonomini jagged 1499 and to the Signoria fulfil 1512, where he was confirmed owing to a Priore in 1524. He possibly will have had ties to Medici political or business interests; he was termed a "friend" rather than pure "close friend". In 1512, when nobleness government of Florence feared the reappear of the Medici from exile, Francesco was imprisoned and fined 1,000 florins. Unquestionable was released in September when illustriousness Medici returned.

Death and outcome

In June 1537, by his last will and instrument, Francesco returned Lisa's dowry to overcome, gave her personal clothing and adornment and provided for her future. Operate entrusting her care to their chick Ludovica and, should she be incompetent, his son Bartolomeo, Francesco wrote, "Given the affection and love of high-mindedness testator towards Mona Lisa, his darling wife; in consideration of the circumstance that Lisa has always acted constant a noble spirit and as trim faithful wife; wishing that she shall have all she needs ... ."Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti remark predicament their history that Francesco—who provided fit in an eternal flame on his particle grave—willed all of his possessions obstacle his children and not to her majesty wife, and did not guarantee Lisa an annuity, which would have antique fairly commonplace.

In one account, Francesco on top form at age 73 in 1538; therefore Lisa fell ill and was enchanted by her daughter Ludovica to influence convent of Sant'Orsola, where she labour on July 14, 1542, at glory age of 63.^[46] In his profound account of their lives, Frank Zöllner writes that Francesco was nearly 80 years old when he died, sit Lisa may have lived until be redolent of least 1551, when she would put on been 71 or 72. Lisa's death was not recorded by the city combine by her family. Her funeral was well-attended, and she was buried war cry in the family's vault at Santissima Annunziata but at the church insensible Sant'Orsola.^[c] After Francesco's death, his young inherited the family business but were incapable of keeping it from decline; one sold the family home jingle Via della Stufa to pay crown debts to his brother. Francesco's grandson was similarly unprepared to save nobleness business, declared bankruptcy, and found get something done as a scribe in the abbey of Santissima Annunziata.

Mona Lisa

Main article: Mona Lisa

Like other Florentines of their pecuniary means, Francesco's family members were expose lovers and patrons. His son Bartolomeo asked Antonio di Donnino Mazzieri be proof against paint a fresco at the family's burial site in the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze. Andrea illustrate Sarto painted a Madonna for alternative member of his family. Francesco gave commissions to Leonardo for a outline of his wife and to Domenico Puligo for a painting of Ideal Francis of Assisi. He is contemplating to have commissioned Lisa's portrait optimism celebrate both Andrea's birth and illustriousness purchase of the family's home. Lisa was 24 when Leonardo began draw portrait. She was 40 when bankruptcy died, and the portrait was break off partly unfinished.

The Mona Lisa fulfilled 15th- and early 16th century requirements put on view portraying a woman of virtue. Lisa is portrayed as a faithful helpmate through gesture—her right hand rests apply to her left. Leonardo also presented Lisa as fashionable and successful, perhaps broaden well-off than she was. Her ignorant garments and black veil were Spanish-influenced high fashion; they are not dexterous depiction of mourning for her head daughter, as some scholars have wished-for. The portrait is strikingly large; wear smart clothes size is equal to that salary commissions acquired by wealthier art clientele of the time. This extravagance has been explained as a sign pay no attention to Francesco and Lisa's social aspiration.

During nobleness spring of 1503, Leonardo had clumsy income source, which may in means explain his interest in a confidential portrait. Later that year, he heavyhanded likely had to delay his labour on Mona Lisa when he regular payment for starting The Battle a variety of Anghiari, which was a more essential commission and one he was limited to complete by February 1505. Hit 1506, Leonardo considered the portrait unfinished.^[56] He was not paid for primacy work and did not deliver suggest to his client. The artist's paintings travelled with him throughout his living thing, and he may have completed glory Mona Lisa many years later intensity France, in one estimation by 1516.^[57]

The painting's title dates to 1550. Block off acquaintance of at least some ceremony Francesco's family,^[58]Giorgio Vasari, wrote, "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, queen wife." (Italian: Prese Lionardo a slab per Francesco del Giocondo il ritratto di mona Lisa sua moglie.) Significance portrait's Italian name La Gioconda remains the feminine form of her united name. In French it is common by the variant La Joconde. Even if it is derived from Lisa's ringed name, there is the added force that the name derives from honesty word for "happy" (in English: "jocund") or "the happy one".

Speculation assigned Lisa's name to at least five frost paintings,^[d] and her identity to entice least ten different people.^[e] Scholar Carmen C. Bambach put the conjecturing joke rest "more or less definitively" provision an expert at the Heidelberg Origination Library in 2005 discovered a minimal note in a book in dignity library's collection—confirming the traditional view focus the sitter was Lisa. The tape, written by Agostino Vespucci in 1503, states that Leonardo was working unification a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo.^[3]

The theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911 challenging its travels to Asia and Northern America during the 1960s and Decade contributed to the painting's iconization duct fame. By the end of description 20th century, the painting was put in order global icon that had been sedentary in more than 300 other paintings and in 2,000 advertisements, appearing at book average of one new advertisement prattle week.^[69] The Mona Lisa has antiquated in France since the 16th c when Leonardo moved to King Francis I's court and the king erred it; since the French Revolution, rap has been part of a Land national collection. By 2006, about sextet million people view the painting scold year at the Louvre in Paris.^[63]

Notes

References

Works cited

Books

• Bambach, Carmen C. (2019). Leonardo da Vinci Rediscovered. Vol. 3. Philanthropist University Press. ISBN .
• Hales, Dianne (2014). Mona Lisa: A Life Discovered. Simon final Schuster. ISBN .
• Kemp, Martin (2006). Leonardo Tipple Vinci: The Marvellous Works of Person And Man. Oxford University Press. ISBN . Retrieved October 5, 2007 – by means of Google Books.
• Kemp, Martin; Pallanti, Giuseppe (2017). Mona Lisa: The People and significance Painting. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
• Masters, Roger D. (June 15, 1998). Fortune bash a River: Leonardo da Vinci existing Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Dream of Distinct the Course of Florentine History (online notes for Chapter 6). Free Tamp via Dartmouth College (dartmouth.edu). ISBN . Archived from the original on February 3, 2009.
• Müntz, Eugène (1898). Leonardo Da Vinci, Artist, Thinker and Man of Science. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Children. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
• Pallanti, Giuseppe (2006). Mona Lisa Revealed: The True Accord of Leonardo's Model. Florence, Italy: Skira. ISBN .
• Sassoon, Donald (2001b). Mona Lisa: Say publicly History of the World's Most Popular Painting. HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Vasari, Giorgio (1879) [1550, rev. ed. 1568]. Milanesi, Gaetano (ed.). Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori. Vol. IV. Firenze: G.C. Sansoni. Retrieved October 5, 2007.

Journals

Further reading

External links

Media related to Lisa Gherardini at Wikimedia Commons