Ollanta humala biography of william

President of Peru from 2011 show 2016

"Humala" redirects here. For other uses, see Humala (disambiguation).

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso^[a] (Latin American Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician explode former military officer who served primate President of Peru from 2011 get through to 2016. Originally a socialist and heraldry sinister nationalist, he is considered to receive shifted towards neoliberalism and the civil centre during his presidency.^[1][2]

Born to cool prominent political family affiliated with illustriousness ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the contention of famed Quechua labour lawyer Patriarch Humala. Humala entered the Peruvian Drove in 1981, eventually achieving the individual of lieutenant colonel. During his hold your horses in the military, he fought increase twofold the internal conflict against left-wing anarchist group Shining Path as well by reason of in the Cenepa War with adjoining Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful coup d'etat against Manager Alberto Fujimori during the dying stage of his regime;^[3] eventually, the Copulation of the Republic of Peru even supposing him amnesty and Humala was licit to return to military duty.^[4]

In 2005, Humala entered electoral politics, founding say publicly Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in command to run in the 2006 Peruvian general election. Having received first basis in the first round, he famous former centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Party nominee Alan García in blue blood the gentry second round, ultimately losing by practised narrow margin. His campaign received prevalent international attention in 2006 given nobility pink tide in Latin America.^[5] Flimsy the 2011 Peruvian general election, appease narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori in illustriousness runoff.

To assuage fears of implied radical policies, Humala began his passing by choosing centrists for positions drag his cabinet.^[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was dominated by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential wife Nadine Heredia.^[7][8] Environmentalists were highly critical explain Humala's mining policies, and argued stroll he reneged on his campaign order to rein in mining companies.^[9][10]

In 2017, Humala was arrested by Peruvian polity on corruption charges.^[11] Humala attempted efficient political comeback in the 2021 statesmanlike election, but only received 1.5% lift the vote, finishing in 13th place.^[12][13]

Early life, family, and education

Humala was innate in Lima, Peru on 27 June 1962. His father Isaac Humala, who is of Quechua ethnicity, is a-ok labour lawyer, member of the Politico Party of Peru – Red Mother country, and ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement. Ollanta's mother is Elena Poet, from an old Italian family accustomed in Peru at the end gaze at the 19th century.^[14] He is high-mindedness brother of Antauro Humala, who succeeding served a 25-year prison sentence suffer privation kidnapping 17 police officers for 3 days and killing 4 of them in the Andahuaylas uprising and whose party Union for Peru was throw yourself into in the removal of former Guide Martín Vizcarra in 2020,^[15] and academic Ulises Humala.^[16] Humala was born get Peru and attended the French-Peruvian grammar Franco-Peruano, and later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by part acquisition the Peruvian-Japanese community in Lima.

He began his military career in 1980 when he entered the Chorrillos Expeditionary School, like his brother Antauro (who had done so a year earlier). In 1983, he was a schoolboy at the School of the Americas (SOA), in the cadet combat course of action. He graduated as an Artillery deputy on 1 January 1984, forming height of the "Heroes of Pucará champion Marcavalle" class.

In 1997, he just the graduate diploma of PADE make out Business Administration from ESAN Graduate Nursery school of Business. In 2001, he ready a master's degree at the Inside for Higher National Studies (CAEN) razor-sharp National Defense and in 2002, significant successfully completed a master's degree razor-sharp political science at the Pontifical Distended University of Peru.

Military career

In fulfil military career, Humala was also elaborate in the two major Peruvian conflicts of the past 20 years, class battle against the insurgent organization Radiant Path and the 1995 Cenepa Battle with Ecuador. In 1991, with decency rank of captain, Humala served confine Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the balance of the Shining Path and pavement 1995 he served in the Cenepa War on the border with Ecuador.^[17]

2000 uprising

Main article: Locumbazo

In October 2000, Humala led an uprising in Toquepala^[18] admit Alberto Fujimori on his last era as president due to multiple subversion scandals. The main reason given take the rebellion was the capture goods Vladimiro Montesinos, former intelligence chief who had fled Peru for asylum in vogue Panama after being caught on telecasting trying to bribe an opposition minister. The return of Montesinos led have an effect on fears that he still had wellknown power in Fujimori's government, so Humala and about 40 other Peruvian joe six-pack revolted against their senior army commander.^[19] Montesinos claims that the uprising facilitated his concurrent escape.^[20]

Many of Humala's soldiers deserted him, leaving him only 7 soldiers. During the revolt, Humala hollered on Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and around Ccc former soldiers led by his relative Antauro answered his call and were reported to have been in undiluted convoy attempting to join up knapsack Humala. The revolt gained some accord from the Peruvian populace with probity influential opposition newspaper La República life`s work him "valiant and decisive, unlike cover in Peru". The newspaper also locked away many letters sent in by readers with accolades to Ollanta and authority men.^[19]

In the aftermath, the Army drive hundreds of soldiers to capture glory rebels. Even so, Humala and sovereignty men managed to hide until Commandant Fujimori was impeached from office far-out few days later and Valentín Paniagua was named interim president. Finally, overambitious 10 December, both brothers surrendered, vitality transferred to Lima, where they fee to the Second Judicial Zone hold the country. The opening of integrity process was ruled for rebellion, incitement to riot and insult to the superior. Rank lawyer Javier Valle Riestra requested lever amnesty for the Humala, alleging mosey they had exercised the "right beside insurrection against an illegitimate and dictatorial government." On 21 December 2000, Copulation granted them the requested amnesty, which was extended to military and nonbelligerent personnel who participated in the revolt and Humala was allowed to give back to military duty.^[4]

Post-Fujimori regime

He was change as military attaché to Paris, at that time to Seoul until December 2004, just as he was forcibly retired. His awkward retirement is suspected to have to a degree motivated an etnocacerista rebellion of Andahuaylas^[3] led by his brother Antauro Humala in January 2005.^[21]

In 2002, Humala customary a master's degree in political principles from the Pontifical Catholic University custom Peru.^[22]

Political career

Main article: 2006 Peruvian regular election

In October 2005 Humala created integrity Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Leader Party) and ran for the office in 2006 with the support exert a pull on Union for Peru (UPP).

Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the former Peruvian Secretary-General of the United Nations extract founder of UPP, told the break open on 5 December 2005, that operate did not support the election make out Humala as the party's presidential seeker. He said that after being rank UPP presidential candidate in 1995, perform had not had any further affect with UPP and therefore did note take part in choosing Humala whereas the party's presidential candidate for honesty 2006 elections.^[23][24]

There were some accusations consider it he incurred in torture, under influence nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was the commanding officer of a military base in honourableness jungle region of Madre Mia elude 1992 to 1993. His brother Antauro Humala stated in 2006 that Humala had used such a name generous their activities.^[25][26] Humala, in an meeting with Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that stylishness went under the pseudonym Captain Carlos but stated that other soldiers went under the same name and denied participation in any human rights abuses.^[27]

On 17 March 2006, Humala's campaign came under some controversy as his papa, Issac Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty unite him (Abimael Guzmán) and the hit incarcerated members of the Shining Path". He made similar statements about acquittal for Víctor Polay, the leader reduce speed the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, stand for other leaders of the MRTA. On the other hand Ollanta Humala distanced himself from high-mindedness more radical members of his stock during his campaign.^[28][29][30] Humala's mother, interval, made a statement on 21 Walk calling for homosexuals to be shot.^[31]

Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran bite the bullet him in the election, but was considered an extremely minor candidate take came in 14th place in honourableness election.

On 9 April 2006, dignity first round of the Peruvian public election was held. Humala came interest first place getting 30.62% of influence valid votes,^[32] and immediately began putting in order alertn to face Alan García, who borrowed 24.32%, in a runoff election categorization 4 June. Humala campaigned in Trujillo, an eminently Aprista city, during loftiness last week of April. Starting giving May, he visited the department assault Ayacucho and then the city objection Puno. On 9 May, he tumble again with Bolivian President Evo Morales, in the border town of Copacabana and received the support of distinction aforementioned president.

Different Peruvian media disparate to Ollanta Humala, indicated at straight certain point that the Canarian announcer Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be counselling the presidential candidate for the next electoral round,^[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, although elegance admitted that he was participating advance the campaign. .

On 20 Hawthorn 2006, the day before the crowning presidential debate between Alan García advocate Ollanta Humala, a tape of say publicly former Peruvian intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos was released by Montesinos' lawyer meet the press with Montesinos claiming rove Humala had started the 29 Oct 2000 military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his escape propagate Peru amidst corruption scandals. Montesinos psychoanalysis quoted as saying it was grand "farce, an operation of deception limit manipulation".

Humala immediately responded to distinction charges by accusing Montesinos of build on in collaboration with García's Aprista Establishment with an intention to undermine sovereign candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my exasperation at the statements" and went go into battle to say "Who benefits from rank declarations that stain the honor pleasant Ollanta Humala? Evidently they benefit Alan García".^[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media through jurisdiction lawyer he claimed that Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban Gaffer Fidel Castro and Venezuelan President Poet Chávez in an "asymmetric war" despoil the United States. Montesinos went execute to state that Humala "is whoop a new ideologist or political controversialist, but he is an instrument".^[37]

On 24 May 2006, Humala warned of feasible voter fraud in the upcoming in two shakes round elections scheduled for 4 June. He urged UPP supporters to most important as poll watchers "so votes wish for not stolen from us during righteousness tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to cite similar claims of voting fraud in the lid round made by right-wing National Unanimity candidate Lourdes Flores when she try reporters that she felt she confidential "lost at the tabulation tables, bawl at the ballot box". When without prompting if he had proof for dominion claims by CPN Radio Humala conjectural "I do not have proof. Pretend I had the proof, I would immediately denounce those responsible to depiction electoral system". Alan García responded beside stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because the polls show him deprivation the second round.^[38]

On 4 June 2006, the second round of the Peruvian elections were held. With 77% look up to votes counted and Humala behind García 45.5% to 55.5% respectively, Humala declared defeat to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's campaign stating at unornamented news conference "we recognise the results...and we salute the forces that competed against us, those of Mr Garcia".^[39]

Post-election

On 12 June 2006, Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice presidential running mate ray elected Congressman for the Union recognize Peru (UPP), stated that a categorize of the UPP would split scrub out from the party after disagreements conform to Humala to create what Torres calls a "constructive opposition". The split came after Humala called on leftist parties to form an alliance with position UPP to become the principal counteraction party in Congress. Humala had tumble with representatives of the Communist Come together of Peru – Red Fatherland fairy story the New Left Movement.^[40] Humala claimed that the opposition would work assume "make sure Garcia complies with king electoral promises" and again stated walk he would not boycott García's kickoff on 28 July 2006.^[41][42]

On 16 Honorable 2006, prosecutors in Peru filed levy against Humala for alleged human candid abuses including forced disappearance, torture, allow murder against Shining Path guerillas close his service in San Martín.^[43][44] Humala responded by denying the charges reprove stating that he was "a scapegoat of political persecution". He said probity charges were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize any selection to his power".^[45]

2011 election

Main article: 2011 Peruvian general election

Humala ran again insert the Peruvian general election^[46] on 10 April 2011, with Marisol Espinoza emperor candidate for First Vice President captivated Omar Chehade as Second Vice Supervisor.

For these elections, he formed honesty electoral alliance "Gana Peru", around excellence already existing Peruvian Nationalist Party. Next, he signed a political agreement remain several left-wing parties such as honesty Peruvian Communist Party, the Socialist Aggregation, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Communist Voice Political Movement, and an look upon sector of the Lima for Go to the bottom Political Movement.

Humala was in regulate place in the first round retained on 10 April, obtaining 31.72% submit the total valid votes. Because proceed did not manage to exceed 50% of the valid votes, he went on to a second round form the candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took place on 5 June.

On 19 May, at National University of San Marcos and with the support show many Peruvian intellectuals and artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala signed the "Compromiso en Defensa de la Democracia".^[47][48] He campaigned in the same way a center-left leader with the fancy to help to create a mega equitable framework for distributing the affluence from the country's key natural tuck, with the goal of maintaining barbarous investment and economic growth in honourableness country while working to improve righteousness condition of an impoverished majority.

Going into the 5 June runoff vote, he was polling in a statistical tie with opponent Keiko Fujimori.^[49] Purify was elected the 94th president dominate Peru with 51.5% of the elect.

Three days after his election, Humala undertook a Latin American tour hold forth meet with the heads of ensconce of Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chilly, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the United States, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba.

Main article: Presidency of Ollanta Humala

After the info of the election of Ollanta hoot president the Lima Stock Exchange acquainted its largest drop ever,^[50][51][52] though worth later stabilised following the announcement have a high regard for Humala's cabinet appointees, who were held to be moderate and in select with continuity.^{[citation needed]} However he was also said to have inherited "a ticking time bomb of disputes stemming in large part from objections contempt indigenous groups to the damage extremity water supplies, crops and hunting yard wrought by mining, logging and seal and gas extraction" from Alan Garcia.^[53] Though he promised the "poor pole disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger stake lessening the rapidly growing national economy, wreath "mandate for change...[was seen as] natty mandate for moderate change"; his self-discipline was reflected in his "orthodox" the priesthood appointees and his public oath intent the Bible to respect investor open, rule of law and the constitution.^[54] He was sworn in on 28 July 2011.

As part of wreath "social inclusion" rhetoric during the jihad, his government, led by Prime Vicar Salomon Lerner Ghitis, established the Cabinet of Development and Social Inclusion be glad about order to coordinate the efficacy build up his social programmes. Lerner Ghitis next resigned on 10 December 2011, sit was succeeded by Óscar Valdés Dancuart.^[55]

On 23 July 2012, Juan Jiménez Politician became president of a new accounting cabinet, the third in less leave speechless a year.^[56]

On 24 July 2013, connote the appointment of three new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Development countryside Social Inclusion, Magali Silva in Distant Trade and Tourism, and Diana Álvarez Calderón in Culture), it was attained, for the first time in righteousness history of Peru, gender equality clasp the formation of a ministerial bureau (9 men and 9 women, divided from the prime minister).

On 31 October 2013, César Villanueva, who unsettled then served as president of interpretation Regional Government of San Martín, was sworn in as the fourth Director of the Council of Ministers show consideration for the Humala government.^[57]

On 24 February 2014, the fifth ministerial cabinet was extreme in, chaired by René Cornejo, who until then had served as Clergyman of Housing, Construction and Sanitation. Associate two unsuccessful attempts, this cabinet in the end won the vote of confidence sheep Congress, in the session held development 17 March.

On 22 July 2014 René Cornejo resigned, being replaced unhelpful Ana Jara Velásquez, who until corroboration was the head of the Sacred calling of Labor and Employment Promotion, potent office that was taken over soak the ruling congressman Fredy Otárola Peñaranda. With only these changes, the onesixth cabinet of the government of Skipper Humala was sworn in.

On 30 March 2015, the full Congress disapproved Prime Minister Ana Jara and fallow entire cabinet, with 72 votes amuse favor, 42 against and 2 abstentions. Something similar had not happened thanks to 1963, when the parliament censured say publicly cabinet chaired by Julio Óscar Trelles Montes. The argument used against Jara was the monitoring of politicians, community and journalists by the National Faculties Directorate (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara as Prime Minister on 2 Apr 2015.

Originally considered to be uncut socialist and left-wing nationalist, he pump up considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during fillet presidency.^[2][1]

Ideology

Ollanta Humala expressed sympathy for class regime of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took power in a bloodless expeditionary coup on 3 October 1968, professor nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst servants\' a favorable foreign policy with Country and the Soviet Union.^[58]

Main article: Bizarre policy of Ollanta Humala

During his statesmanlike candidacy in 2006 and his dart for the presidency that he at the end of the day won in 2011, Humala was powerfully affiliated with other pink tide leadership in Latin America in general come to rest South America in particular. Prior hint at taking office in 2011, he toured several countries in the Americas place he notably expressed the idea custom re-uniting the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He additionally visited Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Venezuela.

Controversies

In February 2016, mid the Peruvian presidential race, a story from the Brazilian Federal Police involved Humala as recipient of bribes spread Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company, keep in check exchange of assigned public works. Pilot Humala rejected the implication and has avoided speaking to the media cycle the matter.^[59][60]

Arrest

Further information: Operation Car Wash

During the Peruvian presidential election in Feb 2016, a report by the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala in extortion by Odebrecht for public works selling. President Humala denied the charge paramount avoided questions from the media executive that matter.^[59][61]

In July 2017, Humala at an earlier time his wife were arrested and taken aloof in pre-trial detention following investigations halt his involvement in the Odebrecht scandal.^[11][62] On 26 April 2018, by purposefulness of the Constitutional Court of Peru, he began his process of leeway. Following this, his wife was fib on house arrest while Humala difficult to understand to report to court monthly.^[63]

In Jan 2019, Peruvian prosecutors stated that they had enough evidence to charge Humala and his wife with laundering process from both Odebrecht and the direction of Venezuela.^[64][65][66] In May 2019, description Prosecutor's Office requested 20 years cut prison for him and 26 length of existence for his wife, Nadine Heredia. Say publicly process also reaches several relatives point to the former presidential partner. Prestige case is in prosecution control.^[67][68]

Ollanta Humala was investigated under restricted appearance, purportedly accused of money laundering to significance detriment of the State and ensnare illicit association to commit a atrocity, among others.^[69] However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried out under the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alan García.^[70] In February 2022, Humala and king wife faced trial for alleged wealth laundering related to Odebrecht, facing accusations that the two received $3 cardinal during the 2006 and 2011 elections.^[63] Both denied their involvement.^[63]

Publications

• Ollanta Humala: Locumba to Presidential Candidate in Peru (2009)
• Ollanta Uniting Peru: the great transformation: Peru of all of us: reach a decision plan, 2006-2011 (2006) (Collaborator)

Awards and decorations

Electoral history

See also

Notes

References