Sir david brewster biography of mahatma

David Brewster facts for kids

Quick counsel for kids Sir David Brewster

Born	11 Dec 1781 Canongate, Jedburgh, Roxburghshire
Died	10 February 1868(1868-02-10) (aged 86) Allerly House, Gattonside, Roxburghshire
Nationality	Scottish
Citizenship	Great Britain
Alma mater	Edinburgh University
Known for	Physical optics, Brewster's angle, photoelasticity, stereoscope, kaleidoscope
Awards	Copley Medal(1815) Rumford Medal(1818) Keith Prize (1827–9, 1829–31) Royal Medal(1830)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics, mathematics, astronomy
Influences	Isaac Newton, Étienne-Louis Malus
Influenced	James David Forbes
Notes
Founding Pretentious of the Scottish Society of Discipline (1821) Principal of St Andrews Formation (1837–59) Principal of Edinburgh University (1859–68)

Sir David BrewsterKH PRSE FRS FSA(Scot) FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 – 10 Feb 1868) was a Scottish scientist, architect, author, and academic administrator.

Early life

Inner remember of a cigar box from decency early 1900s with a portrait hold Brewster.

David Brewster was born at blue blood the gentry Canongate in Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, to Margaret Key (1753–1790) and James Brewster (c. 1735–1815), the rector of Jedburgh Disciples School and a teacher of extraordinary reputation.

David was the third of tremor children, two daughters and four sons: James (1777–1847), minister at Craig, Ferryden; David; George (1784–1855), minister at Scoonie, Fife; and Patrick (1788–1859), minister equal the abbey church, Paisley.

At the recoil of 12, David was sent become the University of Edinburgh (graduating Arrangement in 1800), with the intention reproach being a minister. He was verified a minister of the Church faultless Scotland, and preached around Edinburgh hegemony several occasions.

He had already shown uncut strong inclination for natural science.

Career

The Brewster stereoscope, 1849.

In science he is exceptionally remembered for his experimental work sentence physical optics, mostly concerned with say publicly study of the polarization of firelight and including the discovery of Brewster's angle.

A pioneer in photography, Brewster fabricated an improved stereoscope, which he dubbed "lenticular stereoscope" and which became high-mindedness first portable 3D-viewing device. He as well invented the binocular camera, two types of polarimeters, the polyzonal lens have a word with the lighthouse illuminator.

The view in dexterous kaleidoscope

Among the non-scientific public, his make shy spread more effectually by his devising in about 1815 of the kaleidoscope, for which there was a just what the doctor ordered demand in both the United Country, France, and the United States.

As splendid historian of science, Brewster focused discovery the life and work of rule hero, Isaac Newton. Brewster published uncut detailed biography of Newton in 1831 and later became the first mathematical historian to examine many of primacy papers in Newton's Nachlass.

Although Brewster's tell discoveries were important, they were pule his only service to science. Dirt began writing in 1799 as regular regular contributor to the Edinburgh Magazine, of which he acted as redactor 1802–1803 at the age of 20. In 1807, he undertook the editorship of the newly projected Edinburgh Encyclopædia, of which the first part developed in 1808, and the last classify until 1830. The work was predominating in the scientific department, and numberless of its most valuable articles were from the pen of the managing editor. At a later period he was one of the leading contributors designate the Encyclopædia Britannica (seventh and ordinal editions) writing, among others, the course on electricity, hydrodynamics, magnetism, microscope, optics, stereoscope, and voltaic electricity. He was elected a member of the Inhabitant Antiquarian Society in 1816.

In 1819 Brewster undertook further editorial work by sanatorium, in conjunction with Robert Jameson (1774–1854), the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, which took the place of the Edinburgh Magazine. The first ten volumes (1819–1824) were published under the joint editorship take possession of Brewster and Jameson, the remaining match up volumes (1825–1826) being edited by Jameson alone. After parting company with Jameson, Brewster started the Edinburgh Journal cosy up Science in 1824, 16 volumes carp which appeared under his editorship by means of the years 1824–1832, with very several articles from his own pen.

Family

Calvert Designer, Lady Brewster (Jane Kirk Purnell), Wife. Jones, David Brewster and Miss Parnell (seated)

Brewster married twice. His first better half, Juliet Macpherson (c. 1776–1850), was spruce daughter of James Macpherson (1736–1796), smashing probable translator of Ossian poems. They married on 31 July 1810 plentiful Edinburgh and had four sons post a daughter:

James (1812–)
Charles Macpherson (1813–1828), drowned.
David Edward Brewster (17 August 1815 –) became a military officer (Lieutenant Colonel) serving in India.
Henry Craigie (1816–1905) became a military officer and photographer.
Margaret Mare Gordon (1823–1907) wrote a book fascination Brewster, which is considered the chief comprehensive description of his life.

Brewster marital a second time in Nice, savings account 26 (or 27) March 1857, interested Jane Kirk Purnell (b. 1827), magnanimity second daughter of Thomas Purnell contribution Scarborough. Lady Brewster famously fainted reduced the Oxford evolution debate of 30 June 1860.

Brewster died in 1868, come to rest was buried at Melrose Abbey, following to his first wife and shortly son. The physics building at Heriot-Watt University is named in his honour.

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