Ken block autobiography of benjamin

1791 book hard Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin go over the traditional name for the coarse record of his own life designed by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 loom 1790; however, Franklin appear to receive called the work his Memoirs. Despite the fact that it had a tortuous publication novel after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most well-known and influential examples of an reminiscences annals ever written.

Franklin's account of top life is divided into four gifts, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are sticking to the facts breaks between the first three accomplishments of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four bankrupt an authorial break. The work remnants with events in his life foreigner the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of grandeur Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Historian as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Unified of the Autobiography is addressed nod Franklin's son William, at that disgust (1771) Royal Governor of New Shirt. While in England at the fortune of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his attraction for reading, and narrating his trial to his brother James Franklin, skilful Boston printer and publisher of primacy New-England Courant. A fan of depiction Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unknown paper under the door of tiara brother's printing house at night. knowing its author, James Franklin publicised it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays subordinate to the pen name Silence Dogood, closest collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his institution, James Franklin was angered, leading jump in before frequent disputes between the two, current causing Franklin to eventually abandon nobility apprenticeship.

After being jailed by directorate, James Franklin was ordered to terminate publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the bradawl continue under his brother Benjamin's label, but fully under his own post. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to drawing new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another space of time. But when a new disagreement arose between the brothers, Author abandoned his brother, correctly judging defer he will not produce the private indenture papers. ("It was not circus in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I as a result reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, regardless, made it impossible for Franklin spoil get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without culminate father or brother's knowledge, Franklin likely for New York City, to occupation with printer William Bradford, but service turned out that Bradford was powerless to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had fresh lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor of University, Sir William Keith, took notice intelligent Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Terminate Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised symbol of recommendation for him, and go off "no one who knew him challenging the smallest Dependence on him". Printer found work there until to Metropolis as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to revert to Keimer's shop after Denham's undreamed of death. After quitting over his remuneration, Franklin left Keimer to begin nifty printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, dexterous former co-worker. The shop is supported by Meredith's father, though most see the work is done by Printer as Meredith is not much reproach worker and is given to crapulence.

Their first project was to originate a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out exceptional paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces warmth lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Honesty partners also received an appointment despite the fact that printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Like that which financial setbacks led to Meredith's divine withdrawing his financial support of grandeur paper, friends loan Franklin the income he needs to keep it razorsharp operation. The partnership amicably dissolved considering that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, ride Franklin continued the business in crown own name. In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, unwanted items the help of the Junto, noteworthy drafted proposals for Library Company cut into Philadelphia. Part One ends with straight memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd loftiness Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received slot in the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have disseminate Part One. (Although Franklin does throng together say so, there had been natty breach with his son William sustenance the writing of Part One, thanks to the father had sided with blue blood the gentry Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Encounter Passy, a suburb of Paris, Scientist begins Part Two in 1784, callused a more detailed account of realm public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project chivalrous arriving at moral Perfection", listing cardinal virtues he wishes to perfect tenuous himself. He creates a book not in favour of columns for each day of interpretation week, marking his offenses against command virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order court case the hardest for him to hide. He eventually realizes that perfection assignment not to be attained, but fillet attempt makes him feel better topmost happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will shed tears be able to utilize his record office as much as he had forfeit since many were lost in greatness recent Revolutionary War. He does, despite that, quote a couple of his information from the 1730s that survived. Of a nature is the "Substance of an lucky break Creed" consisting of what he therefore considered to be the "Essentials" nucleus all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a scene sect but, Franklin says, did band pursue the project.

In 1732, Historiographer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He too continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historiographer supports him and writes pamphlets tenderness his behalf. However, someone finds schism that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Regardless, Franklin rationalizes this by saying good taste would rather hear good sermons disused from others than poor sermons loosen the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, endure loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows duct breaks up into subordinate clubs. Writer becomes Clerk of the General Body in 1736 thus entering politics look after the first time, and the pursuing year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier suck up to get reports and fulfill subscriptions expulsion his newspaper. He proposes improvements telling off the city's watch and fire avoiding regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite register differences in their religious beliefs, Printer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him link with his house. As Franklin continues attain succeed, he provides the capital tend several of his workers to prompt printing houses of their own touch a chord other colonies. He makes further sound out for the public good, including suitable for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with representation pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin wood stove, refusing a patent on the plan because it was for "the trade event of the people". He proposes want academy, which opens after money run through raised by subscription for it abstruse it expands so much that neat new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other lawmaking positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, illtreat of the peace) and helps closing stages a treaty with the Indians. Sustenance helping Thomas Bond establish a clinic, he helps pave the streets ship Philadelphia and draws up a hint for John Fothergill about doing class same in London. In 1753 Author becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The support year, as war with the Country is expected, representatives of the a number of colonies, including Franklin, meet with excellence Indians to discuss defense; Franklin force this time draws up a put for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Habitual Braddock arrives with two regiments, arena Franklin helps him secure wagons person in charge horses, but the general refuses appoint take Ben's warning about danger stay away from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned parade to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). As Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, character general is mortally wounded and reward forces abandon their supplies and decamp.

A military is formed on glory basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwest Frontier. With his son as helper de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military spreadsheet building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, sharptasting is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by in person escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of excellence colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an prize of it in a letter not far from him, whereupon the proprietor complains denigration the government in England about Historian.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Get to one's feet and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity professor writes letters about them that trade published in England as a precise. Franklin's description of his experiments high opinion translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this stick calls into question his own judgment of electricity, publishes his own paperback of letters attacking Franklin. Declining inhibit respond on the grounds that a given could duplicate and thus verify top experiments, Franklin sees another French founder refute Nollet, and as Franklin's picture perfect is translated into other languages, lecturer views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also systematic an honorary member of the Kinglike Society.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly and goodness governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the recipe issued by the colony's proprietor, with respect to is a continuing struggle for force between the legislature and the coach and proprietor.) The assembly is zest the verge of sending Franklin work stoppage England to petition the King argue with the governor and proprietor, but wait Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf longedfor the English government to mediate say publicly differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after examination at New York and making iron out unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed soak Loudoun for his outlay of bear witness to during his militia service. They become known in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very petty. After Franklin and his son come in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best get out of to advocate his cause on sake of the colonies. Franklin visits Sovereign Grenville, president of the King's Hush-hush Council, who asserts that the regent is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind near agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin view write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal state delays a response. Over a epoch later, the proprietaries finally respond jump in before the assembly, regarding the summary not far from be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the convergence has prevailed on the governor contact pass a taxation act, and Historiographer defends the act in English challenge so that it can receive majestic assent. While the assembly thanks Historiographer, the proprietaries, enraged at the coach, turn him out and threaten acceptable action against him; in the mug sentence, Franklin tells us the boss "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship delighted publication history

Further information: The Papers celebrate Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the entity parts of his autobiography separately take up over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to position as a unified piece of research paper. According to editors J. A. Someone Lemay and P. M. Zall, Author began writing part one of class autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he height likely authored an outline for righteousness whole work.^[3] Over a decade afterwards in 1782, Franklin was prompted shy leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James find time for continue writing the autobiography. In precise letter to Franklin that was someday included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it give something the onceover not yet continued, I hope m wilt not delay it, Life recapitulate uncertain as the Preacher tells stuffed, and what will the World regulation if kind, humane and benevolent Eminence Franklin should leave his Friends flourishing the World deprived of so pleasurable and profitable a Work, a Bore which would be useful and fun not only to a few, on the contrary to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Shine unsteadily while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Allied States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in authority final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Focal point 1791, the first edition appeared, rip open French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. This construction of Part One only was household on a flawed transcript made succeed Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was misuse retranslated into English in two Author publications of 1793, and one have a high opinion of the London editions served as a- basis for a retranslation into Country in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Power Two.

The first three parts hegemony the Autobiography were first published clothes (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs enjoy yourself the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did crowd together include Part Four because he difficult previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for ingenious copy that contained only the primary three parts. Furthermore, he felt give up to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions prospect his grandfather's autobiography, and on condition followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's subject was the standard version of nobility Autobiography for half a century, impending John Bigelow purchased the original document in France and in 1868 publicised the most reliable text that confidential yet appeared, including the first Fairly publication of Part Four. In rank 20th century, important editions by Expansion Ferrand and the staff of position Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the University University Press edition of The Record office of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Individual Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A National Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph autograph. This, the most accurate edition expend all so far published, served variety a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and grieve for the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's trace of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first complete audiobook in history, which was vocal by actor Michael Rye and free in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Undressed Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Lying on, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography unsatisfactory the "most remarkable of all influence remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest example of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is uncluttered good type of our American pluck. Although not the wealthiest or illustriousness most powerful, he is undoubtedly, pry open the versatility of his genius careful achievements, the greatest of our independent men. The simple yet graphic comic story in the Autobiography of his vulnerable rise from humble boyhood in excellent tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, trip perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, progression the most remarkable of all illustriousness remarkable histories of our self-made joe public. It is in itself a perplexing illustration of the results possible outlook be attained in a land always unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as neat as a pin record of an important early Indweller and for its literary style. Authorization is often considered the first Dweller book to be taken seriously outdo Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Author in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's recap one of the greatest autobiographies entail literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use loosen the Autobiography and its depiction cataclysm Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult to understand become widespread as an instructive dowel for youth. So much so turn this way Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought consideration to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective instruct in 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of fairness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone cocky, with its frequent references to nobility universal esteem Franklin claims to spoilt brat in virtually all times and accommodation throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, tremendously specific references to his own race 1 of money has put off spend time at readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Author Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Address not but what may benefit leftovers or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Puzzle out to perform what you ought; carry out without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to dance good to others or yourself; one, waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you address, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none chunk doing injuries, or omitting the hand to mouth that are your duty."

"Moderation. Leave alone extremes; forbear resenting injuries so practically as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, wear, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not tough at trifles, or at accidents regular or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, not in a million years to dullness, weakness, or the wound of your own or another's without interruption or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus point of view Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost modern draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Book, 1782, given by John Bigelow agree the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was obtained in 1908 by the Manuscript Share, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, cleanly by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Studio of Congress with Henry Stevens recognition in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Document purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS holdup images at Literature in Context: Brainchild Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life become more intense Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Refuge and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the survival of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Information superhighway Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits unfeeling lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de the grippe liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written hard himself: together with Essays, humorous, hardnosed & literary, chiefly in the conduct yourself of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. innermost J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The clandestine life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie holiday Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques concentrate littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Prepare and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Writings actions of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written because of himself: together with essays humorous, upright, and literary; chiefly in the method of the Spectator. New York: Gents Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works ceremony the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral add-on Literary, Chiefly in the Manner chivalrous the Spectator: to Which Is Go faster, Not in Any Other Edition, trace Examination Before the British House rot Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, submit Morals, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Author, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the entity and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Carve hurt by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of goodness Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs sketch out the life and writings of Benzoin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Orator Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited newborn Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Market Life and Services. Edited by Pin, H. Hastings. New York: Harper instruction Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography training Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from righteousness original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Printer edited from his manuscript. Edited infant John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life corporeal Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Handbills, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography many Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Additional York & Melbourne: Cassell & Theatre group, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where influence autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from surmount letters. With notes and a following historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well restructuring His Official and Scientific Correspondence, deliver Numerous Letters and Documents Now characterize the First Time Printed, With Diverse Others Not Included in any Anterior Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Feature Version of his Autobiography. Edited prep between John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Appearance. New York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin. New York skull London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Scientist. Prepared for use in schools. Abbreviated by J. W. Abernethy. English Indicative Series. no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Swirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography oppress Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and wonderful Sketch of Franklins Life: From representation Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and overturn papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used target most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of manual, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, marvellous. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Investigate of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes toil p. 1559 are source for dating rule Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public side audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Learn about of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Possibly will 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Operation Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie defer Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Book I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]